Botany:
Asteranae; petals free.
TaxonomyApiales is an Order in the Subclass
Campanulidae in the
Apg3 classification with
Apiaceae,
Araliaceae and several very small families.
In the
Plant theory Araliales is split off from
Apiales.
Apiales thus has only one family
Apiaceae.
Apiaceae is split in 7 Subfamilies. The first two Subfamilies are
Hydrocotyloidae and Saniculoidae, recognised in older taxonomies. The third Subfamily, Apioidae, had many tribes. Downie’s research showed that the older division in tribes was incorrect.
In the
Plant theory the new clades have been grouped tentatively in 5 Subfamilies Bupleuroidae, Apioidae, Daucoidae, Myrrhoidae and Oenanthoidae.
Apiales is placed in
Phase 7 of
Campanulidae.
From the point of view of the
Plant theory it would be more elegant to raise
Apiaceae to the level of Order and the Subfamilies to the level of Families.
Subphases1.
Hydrocotyloidae: already rejected before ever being accepted.
2. Saniculoidae: doubting their control.
3. Bupleuroidae: pleasing even when rejected.
4. Apioidae: perfect control although an outsider.
5. Daucoidae: competitive to show rejection was unjustified.
6. Myrrhoidae: resigned and philosophical about being an outsider.
7. Oenanthoidae: Cicuta, Oenanthe: rejected to the utmost, torture.